Varicose veins are enlarged and twisted veins that often appear in the legs because prolonged standing and walking increases the pressure in the veins of the lower body. They are usually caused by damaged or weakened valves in the veins, which can lead to poor blood circulation resulting in blood to pool and the veins becoming swollen and twisted. Varicose veins can cause discomfort, pain, and swelling for some leading to more serious problems, while for many it seems to be a cosmetic concern.
What are the symptoms?
Symptoms of varicose veins includes the following:
~ Visible, twisted and swollen veins, often bluish or purplish in color, usually in the legs.
~ Aching or throbbing pain in the legs.
~ Heaviness or feeling of fullness in the legs.
~ Muscle cramps or restless legs.
~ Itching or burning sensations near the affected veins.
~ Swelling, particularly around the ankles and feet.
Varicose veins may get worse especially when one is on their feet for a longer time span or sitting for an extended period.
What are the causes?
The primary cause of the varicose veins include:
~ Heredity: A family history of varicose veins can increase the risk. This condition has a genetic component.
~ Age: As the person ages, the natural wear and tear can lead to weakened valves and an increased risk of varicose veins.
~ Gender: Women in comparison to men are more likely to develop varicose veins, partly due to hormonal changes during pregnancy and menopause.
~ Pregnancy: The increasing pressure on the pelvis and legs during pregnancy can inflate the risk of varicose veins.
~ Obesity: Excess weight puts added pressure on the veins, making it harder for blood to flow efficiently.
~ Weak and Damaged Valves: The malfunctioning of the valves can also cause varicose veins. Healthy veins have valves that help blood flow in one direction. When these valves weaken or become damaged, blood can flow backward and pool in the veins, causing them to swell and twist.
While one can’t always prevent varicose veins, one can reduce the risk by maintaining a healthy weight, staying active, avoiding prolonged periods of sitting or standing and wearing compression stockings if recommended by a healthcare professional.
What are the complications?
The complications associated with varicose veins are:
~ Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI): This condition occurs when the vein valves are severely damaged, causing persistent swelling, pain, and skin changes in the affected areas.
~ Venous Ulcers: Prolonged CVI can lead to the development of venous ulcers, which are open sores that typically form near the ankles. These ulcers can be difficult to repair and can be painful.
~ Bleeding: Varicose veins close to the skin’s surface may rupture and bleed if injured. While the bleeding is usually not severe, it can be alarming.
~ Skin changes: Over time, the skin around varicose veins can become discolored, thickened, and prone to dermatitis or cellulitis, which is a skin infection.
It’s important to seek medical evaluation and treatment if one is diagnosed with varicose veins, if one experiences pain, skin changes or other concerning symptoms. Early intervention can help prevent complications and improve the quality of life.
What is the treatment for Varicose Veins?
Treatment for varicose veins can vary depending on their severity. Here are some common options:
~ Lifestyle Changes: Regular exercise and leg elevation. Avoiding prolonged sitting or standing also wear compression stockings if recommended by the concerned healthcare professional.
~ Sclerotherapy: A salt or chemical solution is injected into the affected veins to close them.
~ Endovenous Laser Treatment (EVLT): In EVLT a laser vein is used to seal the affected vein.
~ Radiofrequency Closure: A catheter delivers radiofrequency energy to close the vein.
~ Surgical Procedures: Vein stripping or ligation may be necessary for severe cases.
~ Ambulatory Phlebectomy: Small incisions are made to remove varicose veins.
~ VenaSeal: A medical adhesive is used to close the vein.
Consulting a healthcare professional to determine the best treatment for one’s specific condition is mandatory.
How to prevent?
The preventive measures are as mentioned below:
~ Regular exercise
~ Maintaining a healthy weight.
~ Avoid prolonged sitting or standing.
~ Wear compression stockings.
~ Healthy diet.
~ Avoid tights clothing.
~ Regular check-ups.
Remember that genetics plays a significant role in the development of varicose veins, so even with these preventive measures, they may still occur. If one is concerned about varicose veins or experiences symptoms, consult a healthcare professional for a personalized evaluation and recommendation.
